> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mintlify.com/drift-labs/protocol-v2/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Account Management

> Create and manage Drift user accounts

Drift user accounts hold your positions, orders, and collateral. Before trading, you need to create a user account and deposit collateral.

## User Account Structure

Each user account contains:

* **Positions**: Up to 8 perpetual and 8 spot positions
* **Orders**: Up to 32 active orders
* **Collateral**: Spot balances used as margin
* **Sub-account ID**: Support for multiple sub-accounts (0-9999)

## Creating a User Account

<Steps>
  <Step title="Check if Account Exists">
    ```typescript theme={null}
    import { DriftClient } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

    // Get the user account public key
    const userAccountPublicKey = await driftClient.getUserAccountPublicKey();

    // Check if it exists
    const accountInfo = await driftClient.connection.getAccountInfo(
      userAccountPublicKey
    );
    const accountExists = accountInfo !== null;

    console.log('Account exists:', accountExists);
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Initialize User Account">
    ```typescript theme={null}
    import { DEFAULT_USER_NAME } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

    if (!accountExists) {
      // Create a new user account (sub-account 0)
      const txSig = await driftClient.initializeUserAccount(
        0, // sub-account ID
        DEFAULT_USER_NAME // optional name
      );
      
      console.log('User account created:', txSig);
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Deposit Collateral">
    ```typescript theme={null}
    import { BN } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
    import { QUOTE_PRECISION } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

    // Deposit $1000 USDC (USDC has 6 decimals = QUOTE_PRECISION)
    const depositAmount = new BN(1000).mul(QUOTE_PRECISION);

    const txSig = await driftClient.deposit(
      depositAmount,
      0, // spot market index (0 = USDC)
      await driftClient.getAssociatedTokenAccount(0) // your USDC token account
    );

    console.log('Deposited 1000 USDC:', txSig);
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Initialize and Deposit in One Transaction

For first-time users, combine account initialization and deposit:

```typescript theme={null}
import { BN } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
import { QUOTE_PRECISION } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

// Initialize account and deposit in a single transaction
const depositAmount = new BN(1000).mul(QUOTE_PRECISION);
const userAccountPublicKey = await driftClient.getUserAccountPublicKey();

const txSig = await driftClient.initializeUserAccountAndDepositCollateral(
  depositAmount,
  await driftClient.getAssociatedTokenAccount(0), // USDC token account
  0, // spot market index
  0, // sub-account ID
  DEFAULT_USER_NAME
);

console.log('Account initialized and funded:', txSig);
```

## Working with User Class

The `User` class provides a high-level interface for account data:

```typescript theme={null}
import { User, BulkAccountLoader } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

// Create User instance
const user = new User({
  driftClient: driftClient,
  userAccountPublicKey: await driftClient.getUserAccountPublicKey(),
  accountSubscription: {
    type: 'polling',
    accountLoader: bulkAccountLoader,
  },
});

// Subscribe to user account updates
await user.subscribe();

// Get account data
const userAccount = user.getUserAccount();
console.log('Authority:', userAccount.authority.toBase58());
console.log('Sub-account ID:', userAccount.subAccountId);
console.log('Open orders:', userAccount.nextOrderId);
```

## Sub-Accounts

Drift supports multiple sub-accounts per wallet for portfolio segregation:

```typescript theme={null}
// Create sub-account 1
await driftClient.initializeUserAccount(1, DEFAULT_USER_NAME);

// Switch active sub-account
await driftClient.switchActiveUser(1);

// Get sub-account 1 public key
const subAccount1 = await driftClient.getUserAccountPublicKey(1);

// Create User instance for specific sub-account
const user1 = new User({
  driftClient,
  userAccountPublicKey: subAccount1,
  accountSubscription: {
    type: 'polling',
    accountLoader: bulkAccountLoader,
  },
});
```

<Info>
  Sub-accounts are useful for:

  * Separating strategies (e.g., hedging vs directional)
  * Risk isolation
  * Testing new strategies with limited capital
  * Different leverage profiles
</Info>

## Depositing Collateral

### Deposit USDC

```typescript theme={null}
import { BN } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
import { QUOTE_PRECISION } from '@drift-labs/sdk';
import { getAssociatedTokenAddress } from '@solana/spl-token';

// Get your USDC token account
const usdcMint = new PublicKey(sdkConfig.USDC_MINT_ADDRESS);
const userUsdcAccount = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  usdcMint,
  driftClient.wallet.publicKey
);

// Deposit $500 USDC
const amount = new BN(500).mul(QUOTE_PRECISION);
await driftClient.deposit(
  amount,
  0, // USDC spot market index
  userUsdcAccount
);
```

### Deposit SOL

```typescript theme={null}
import { BASE_PRECISION } from '@drift-labs/sdk';
import { WRAPPED_SOL_MINT } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

// Deposit 10 SOL
const solAmount = new BN(10).mul(BASE_PRECISION);

// SOL requires wrapping - SDK handles this automatically
await driftClient.deposit(
  solAmount,
  1, // SOL spot market index
  await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    WRAPPED_SOL_MINT,
    driftClient.wallet.publicKey
  )
);
```

### Deposit Other Tokens

```typescript theme={null}
// Check available spot markets
const spotMarkets = driftClient.getSpotMarketAccounts();
spotMarkets.forEach(market => {
  console.log(
    `Market ${market.marketIndex}:`,
    market.name,
    'Mint:',
    market.mint.toBase58()
  );
});

// Deposit to specific market
const marketIndex = 2; // Example: BTC
const spotMarket = driftClient.getSpotMarketAccount(marketIndex);
const tokenAccount = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  spotMarket.mint,
  driftClient.wallet.publicKey
);

const depositAmount = new BN(1).mul(new BN(10).pow(new BN(spotMarket.decimals)));
await driftClient.deposit(depositAmount, marketIndex, tokenAccount);
```

## Withdrawing Collateral

```typescript theme={null}
import { BN } from '@coral-xyz/anchor';
import { QUOTE_PRECISION } from '@drift-labs/sdk';

// Withdraw $100 USDC
const withdrawAmount = new BN(100).mul(QUOTE_PRECISION);

const txSig = await driftClient.withdraw(
  withdrawAmount,
  0, // USDC market index
  await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    usdcMint,
    driftClient.wallet.publicKey
  )
);

console.log('Withdrawn:', txSig);
```

<Warning>
  You can only withdraw excess collateral. The withdrawal will fail if it would put your account below the maintenance margin requirement.
</Warning>

### Check Available Collateral

```typescript theme={null}
const freeCollateral = user.getFreeCollateral();
const totalCollateral = user.getTotalCollateral();
const marginRequirement = user.getMaintenanceMarginRequirement();

console.log('Free collateral:', freeCollateral.toString());
console.log('Total collateral:', totalCollateral.toString());
console.log('Margin requirement:', marginRequirement.toString());

// Check if withdrawal is possible
const maxWithdraw = freeCollateral.gt(ZERO) ? freeCollateral : ZERO;
console.log('Max withdrawal:', maxWithdraw.toString());
```

## Account Status and Health

```typescript theme={null}
// Get account health metrics
const leverage = user.getLeverage();
const marginRatio = user.getMarginRatio();
const health = user.getHealth();

console.log('Leverage:', leverage.toString());
console.log('Margin ratio:', marginRatio.toString());
console.log('Health:', health.toString());

// Check liquidation status
const canBeLiquidated = user.canBeLiquidated();
if (canBeLiquidated) {
  console.warn('⚠️ Account is below maintenance margin!');
}

// Get liquidation price for a position
const perpPosition = user.getPerpPosition(0); // SOL-PERP
if (perpPosition) {
  const liqPrice = user.liquidationPrice(0, MarketType.PERP);
  console.log('Liquidation price:', liqPrice?.toString());
}
```

## Deleting a User Account

<Warning>
  You can only delete a user account if:

  * All positions are closed
  * All orders are cancelled
  * All collateral is withdrawn
</Warning>

```typescript theme={null}
// Close all positions and withdraw all collateral first
// Then delete the account
await driftClient.deleteUser(0); // sub-account ID

// This will reclaim the rent (≈0.035 SOL)
```

## Best Practices

<Accordion title="Always check account status before operations">
  ```typescript theme={null}
  const user = new User({ ... });
  await user.subscribe();

  // Check if account exists
  const exists = await user.exists();
  if (!exists) {
    throw new Error('User account not initialized');
  }

  // Check health before trading
  const health = user.getHealth();
  if (health < 50) {
    console.warn('Low account health!');
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Use sub-accounts for risk management">
  Separate high-risk strategies into different sub-accounts to isolate risk and prevent cascading liquidations.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Monitor collateral ratios">
  ```typescript theme={null}
  // Set up monitoring
  user.eventEmitter.on('userAccountUpdate', (account) => {
    const marginRatio = user.getMarginRatio();
    
    if (marginRatio.lt(new BN(2000))) { // < 20%
      console.error('🚨 Low margin ratio!');
      // Add collateral or reduce positions
    }
  });
  ```
</Accordion>

## Next Steps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Place Orders" icon="cart-shopping" href="/guides/placing-orders">
    Start trading with your funded account
  </Card>

  <Card title="Manage Positions" icon="chart-line" href="/guides/managing-positions">
    Monitor and close positions
  </Card>

  <Card title="User API" icon="code" href="/api/user">
    Explore User class methods
  </Card>

  <Card title="Account Subscriptions" icon="signal-stream" href="/guides/account-subscriptions">
    Real-time account updates
  </Card>
</CardGroup>